CPD Accredited
16th World Congress on Chemistry and Medicinal Chemistry
London, UK
Medicinal chemistry compounds
are organic in nature and are classified into small organic molecules and
biologics. In many cases Inorganic and organometallic compounds are also useful
as drugs. The most common practice of medicinal chemistry is aiming to discover
and develop new therapeutic agents by involving synthetic organic chemistry and
computational chemistry in a close-knit combination with Chemistry biology, enzymology,
and structural biology. The interdisciplinary teamwork at the interface between
chemistry, biology and medicine is required for Drug research. The discipline
of Medicinal chemistry is both science and an art. The former offers
humankind its best hopes for improving the living quality and the latter, still
challenges its researchers with the need for both intuition and experience to
discover new drugs.
The discipline that focuses
on the quality aspects of medicines and aims to assure fitness for purpose of
medicinal products is pharmaceutical
chemistry. It is the study of drugs and
involves its development in various stages such as drug
discovery,
delivery, absorption, metabolism, and more. Pharmaceutical
chemistry usually has its work in
a lab which has elements of medical analysis, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics,
and pharmacodynamics. The development of this field will enable us to
contribute to life-saving remedies and enhance the speed of delivery of new
medications. The other branches of study that are important for understanding
the effects that drugs have on the body are
pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and drug metabolism.
An Important aspect of drug
designing is to understand the principal component in the natural product
that is having the therapeutic benefit. The important role that medicinal Chemistry plays is in developing a
drug with therapeutic benefits. The process of traditionally modifying
a chemical molecule which has therapeutic value, to intervene a
disease is done by Medicinal
chemistry. Identification of a chemical molecule of potential, altering its
chemical structure, synthesizing the organic molecule in the laboratory, and
testing of its properties and biological activities are all included in the
process. The market of the pharmaceutical industry is driven by Medicinal
chemistry. At present, the primary aim of drug designing is to design a
drug for a known target and develop a molecule by completely understanding the
active principle with therapeutic potential, which is then approved by
the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This process of designing a
new molecule to the established target is done using Computer Assisted
Drug Designing (CADD).
The Discipline that focuses
on the mechanisms by which cells process, integrate, and act on information to
create and propagate living organisms is Molecular Biology and Biochemistry. Chemical Biology deals with Chemistry applied to biology. It concentrates
disciplines such as cell biology, genetics, epigenetics, genomics,
molecular biology, biochemistry, biophysics, structural biology, and
computational modelling. Both are fields that brings biologists and chemists
together due to concern for the life and composition of the cells. The primary
concerns of the biochemist are about the vast and complex array of chemical
reactions occurring in living matter and the chemical composition of
the cell.
The area of clinical pathology referred to as Clinical Chemistry focuses with the evaluation of
bodily fluids. The field first emerged in the late nineteenth century with the
use of straight forward chemistry tests for various
components of waste products and blood. The usage and life of catalyst
activities, spectrophotometry, action, and biological assay have since been
employed using completely distinct clinical biochemistry methodologies.
The study of drugs is called Pharmacology. To comprehend the
characteristics of pharmaceuticals and how they operate, it entails looking at
how chemistry compounds
interact with living systems, including how interactions between drug molecules
and receptors cause an impact. The study of chemicals' (including medications')
harmful effects on biological systems and methods to lessen or prevent them is
known as toxicology.
The area of
clinical pathology, that is concerned with analysis of urine, blood (whole
blood, serum, plasma), body fluids for screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of
different diseases. Clinical tests are taken to identify the changes when
compared to the biological reference interval of human beings. A wide range of
techniques like chemiluminescence, Immunoassays,
radioimmunoassay, Biochemical methods like colorimetry, enzymatic
reactions, spectrophotometry, nephelometry, electrophoresis, enzyme
linked fluorescence, Analytical chemistry methods like high performance liquid
chromatography, atomic absorption, mass spectrometry, infrared
spectrometry, etc are used by Clinical pathologists and biochemists to detect
and control diseases. Specialists in Forensic chemistry identify materials in a crime scene through
a wide array of methods and using instruments such as Fourier transform
infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thin layer chromatography, gas
chromatography-mass spectrometry, high-performance liquid chromatography and
atomic absorption spectroscopy. To preserve evidence and to determine which
destructive methods will produce the best results, Forensic chemists prefer
using non-destructive methods first. A set of standards are followed by Forensic chemistry that have been proposed by various agencies
and governing bodies, including the Scientific Working Group on the
Analysis of Seized Drugs. Forensic chemists routinely check and verify
their instruments, to ensure the accuracy of what they are reporting.
In Organic Chemistry discipline, the scientific study is
concentrated towards carbon compounds and other carbon-based compounds such
as hydrocarbons and their derivatives. The rapidly growing scientific
discipline that combines organic
chemistry and biochemistry is Bioorganic chemistry.
The scientific study of the composition, structure, properties, preparation,
and the reactions involved comprises organic or inorganic chemistry. Organic
chemistry is said to tackle stereochemistry,
isomerization, photochemistry, hydrogenation, polymerization, and
fermentation.
Inorganic chemistry covers
crystallography, atomic structure, electrochemistry, ceramics, chemical
bonding, coordination of compounds and acid-base reactions. It is found that
inorganic chemistry is the only discipline within chemistry that examines specifically the differences
among all the different kinds of atoms. This characteristic of inorganic
chemistry is applied in Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry which studies the
significant and non-significant elements which can be used in the treatment and
diagnosis of diseases.
Advanced Physical Chemistry topics consist of different
spectroscopic methods ranging from ultrafast and mass spectroscopy, nuclear
magnetic and electron paramagnetic resonance, x-ray absorption and
atomic force microscopy, also theoretical and computational tools. The gap
between the theories and techniques of modern-day physics and chemical systems
is filled by Physical chemistry. Physical and
theoretical chemists work to unravel the phenomena that govern all aspects of
the physical world by using advanced characterization and computational
methods. Advanced characterization techniques is applied to a diverse range of
topics – energy storage materials for electric vehicles, biologically relevant
proteins to understand degenerative diseases, photo-induced molecular
transformations and complex surface properties by Physical chemists. As to
improve our understanding of all aspects of chemistry, right down to the nature
of chemical bonding, Theoretical chemists work to establish quantum
mechanical methods.
Among the broad fields of analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, the most vibrant and
cutting-edge field that receives wide research interest is bioanalysis.
The modern fields in Analytical & Bio analytical Chemistry are instrumental developments for
analytical proteomics, imaging, development of miniaturized devices,
sensors, chemometrics and sampling methods. Problems
in pharmaceutical industries are solved by the application of
bioanalytical techniques, making new innovations in biomedical field.
Applied chemistry is expanding to a
larger territory at the moment as human civilization becomes more muddled. In Medicinal chemistry conference, the
study of applied chemistry is a branch of science that focuses on creating
novel materials with precise chemical properties. The discovery of novel
materials and addressing environmental challenges, both of which are crucial
topics in the twenty-first century, are two areas where applied chemistry is becoming
more and more crucial.
The discipline that takes care of the important
role in expanding the nation’s food supply is Agricultural and food chemistry. Basic research or applied
research and development are the two categories that shape this department. The
one which understands the biological and chemistry processes by which crops, and livestock
grow is Basic research. Applied research uses the knowledge gained from basic
research to discover ways to improve the quality, quantity, and safety of
agricultural products. Be it crop and animal production, food safety,
quality, nutrition, processing, packaging, and utilization
of materials, agricultural and food chemists delve
into all aspects that help their common goal to produce sufficient nutritious
food and feed to support the population in a sustainable way while being
responsible towards our environment and ecosystem.
Chemical
engineering is an engineering field which deals with the study of
operation and design of chemical shops as well as styles of perfecting product.
Chemical Engineers develop provident marketable processes to convert raw
accoutrements into useful products. Chemical engineering uses principles of chemistry, drugs, mathematics, biology, and economics to efficiently
use, produce, design, transport and transfigure energy and accoutrements.
There is a major interest in areas like
aquatic photochemistry, atmospheric particles, reactive surfaces,
analytical methods, renewable feedstocks, development of new green chemistry curricula and outreach
materials. Many Environment Institutes work closely to discover solutions to
Earth's most pressing environmental problems by conducting transformative
research. Chemistry products
and processes that reduce or eliminate the use of hazardous substances are
designed, having the goal to eliminate pollution and to enhance efficiency, to
save resources and energy, and to achieve sustainable development of chemistry
and the chemical industry.
The chemistry industry is made up of
companies producing industrial chemicals. Central to the modern world
economy, it turns raw materials (Natural gas, Oil, air, water, metals
& minerals) into over 85,000 different products. There is some
variation in the plastics industry, as most chemistry companies manufacture plastics as
well as other chemicals. Several professionals are deeply involved in the
chemical industry, including chemical engineers, physicists, lab
chemists, technicians, etc. As of 2019, the chemical industry constitutes
around 27 per cent of the manufacturing sector in the United States.
Chemical waste is a waste derived from harmful chemicals (mostly produced
by large factories). Chemical waste may fall within the scope of regulations
such as COSHH in the United Kingdom or the Clean Water Act and the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act in the United States. The U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA) as well as state and local laws also govern the use and disposal of
chemicals. Chemical waste may or may not be listed as hazardous waste. Chemical
hazardous waste is a solid, liquid or gaseous substance that is either
"hazardous" or "explicitly" classified as hazardous
waste. There are four features of chemical waste that may have to be considered
hazardous. We are Ignitability, Corrosivity, Reactivity,
and Toxicity. Every type of hazardous waste must be defined in terms of
its origin, components and risks, so that it can be handled and treated safely.
The emerging science of objects that are intermediate
in size between a few nanometres to less than 100 nanometres, that can be
fabricated by current photolithography is Nanoscience. Particularly interesting
classes of nanostructures in chemistry includes colloids, polymer
molecules, buckytubes, silicon nanorods, compound semiconductor quantum dots
and micelles. Chemistry not so
soon ago realized that chemistry is already playing a leading role in
nanotechnology and that, it is the ultimate nanotechnology. New forms of
matter are made by chemical synthesis with remarkable economy and safety, by
joining atoms and groups of atoms together with bonds.
Although nanoelectronics gained initial interest in nanotechnology,
the first new and potentially commercial technologies to emerge from
revolutionary nanoscience seem, in fact, to be in materials science, produced
from chemical processes. The invention and development of materials whose
properties depend on nanoscale structure was contributed by Chemistry. Ultimately Chemistry and chemical engineering will be important in producing
materials productively, economically, and in quantity.
The study of the synthesis, characterization and
properties of polymer molecules or macromolecules is the sub-discipline
of chemistry called Polymer chemistry. Other sub-disciplines of
chemistry like analytical chemistry, organic chemistry and physical
chemistry have the same principles and methods used for polymer
chemistry. Polymer science or nanotechnology can be included as the
broader fields of Polymer chemistry. According to their origin, polymers can be
subdivided into biopolymers and synthetic polymers. The
structural and functional materials that comprise most of the organic matter in
organisms are Biopolymers. The structural materials shown in plastics,
synthetic fibres, mechanical parts, paints, building materials, furniture, and
adhesives are Synthetic polymers. They can be further divided
into thermoplastic polymers and thermoset plastics. Almost all
synthetic polymers are derived from petrochemicals.
The branch of Petrochemistry is among the six core
industries in the world and plays a major role in influencing decision making
for all the other important sections of the economy. Petroleum focuses
on how crude oil and natural gas are transformed into raw
materials and other useful products. It is the primary material for a multitude
of chemistry products,
including pharmaceuticals, solvents, fertilizers, plastics, dyes,
surfactants, fuels, and many others. Therefore, many nations consider petroleum
as an integral part of other industries & holds critical importance. even
though the trend towards Renewable and Alternative energy is
building, it is still considered the global powerhouse.
The petrochemical sector has embraced the sustainability challenge
and has made substantial increases in production efficiency while steadily
decreasing its energy input. A significant amount is contributed to the
national GDP by Petrochemistry.
A study showing the
connection between the structure and reactivity of organic motes is called
Synthetic Chemistry. A variety of
operations in Medicinal, energy application and storehouse, synthetic,
discovery, and perceptivity into natural systems are created by druggists who
are trained in replicas. conflation helps in the effective mass production of
composites that are ineluctable for our livelihood & that were
preliminarily allowed unconceivable to produce
Electrochemical Methods are widely used in
various branches of industry be it, the practical importance of electrochemical
processes, role of the processes in living organisms, and the unique features
of their experimental study have led to the formation of electrochemistry as
an individualistic scientific discipline. The biological processes related to
the functioning of biological membranes such as the detection of the visual
image, the transmission of the nervous impulse and the assimilation and use
of food energy are impossible without electrochemical links.
The sub-field of Chemistry, that deals with radioactivity,
nuclear process and properties, is Nuclear Chemistry. The behaviour of objects and materials after
being placed into a nuclear waste storage or disposal site is the most
important area in Nuclear Chemistry. Nuclear Chemistry is applicable in the use of
radioactive tracers within industry, radiotherapy in medical
applications, science and the environment and the use of radiation to
modify materials such as polymers.
The field of physical chemistry known as Quantum chemistry, also known as molecular quantum mechanics, focuses on the
application of Quantum mechanics to chemical systems, especially
towards the quantum-mechanical calculation of electronic contributions to
physical and chemical properties of molecules, materials, and solutions at the
atomic level.
Geochemistry and Marine Chemistry affects
synthetic and geochemical procedures operating in wide ranges of study: the
seas, the strong earth, polar ice sheets, lakes, shooting stars, the climate,
marine life forms and the close planetary system. The research that deals with
the chemical composition and chemical processes of the marine water
bodies is Marine Chemistry. The study of physical aspects such as
structure, processes and the composition of the earth is Geochemistry.
In scientific research applications and industrial queries, informed
decisions are taken by analyzing information buried in
the liquids, gases, and mineral deposits of rocks. This
helps petroleum industries as well as enables scientists to combine
theories about the way the earth is changing. Analytical chemistry is
an important basic chemical discipline whose knowledge is essential
for biochemists. Toxicology, hydrology,
and sedimentology are areas that are involved with environmental
geochemistry.
As an artifact of the digital generation, today’s
computer models reconstruct chemical processes by merging principals
of classical & quantum physics. Computational Chemistry Laboratory allows the
computational chemist to perform a comprehensive series of molecular
indices/properties calculations and data analysis. Supercomputers are used
by Computational chemists to find solutions to problems & to
generate simulations that reduce enormous amounts of data which is otherwise
very time consuming. Other important instruments include electronic structure
methods, quantitative structure–activity
relationships, cheminformatics, full statistical analysis &
molecular dynamics simulations. To integrate chemical theory and modelling with
experimental observations computational chemists use large databases,
mathematical algorithms & statistics. The discipline which influences
numerous areas of technology is Chemical engineering. Chemistry engineers have opportunities
in pharmaceuticals, environmental engineering, electronic
device fabrication and biotechnology. The role is to design processes
to produce, transform and transport chemicals through full-scale
production. When processes involve the chemical or physical transformation of
matter, chemical engineers are essential.